Mechanisms and Mechanical Devices Sourcebook, Fourth Edition

This is the fourth edition of Mechanisms and Mechanical Devices Sourcebook, a wellillustrated reference book containing a wide range of information on both classical and modern mechanisms and mechanical devices. This edition contains three new chapters: one on basic mechanisms; the second on mobile robots; and the third on new directions in mechanical engineering.

The chapter on basic mechanisms provides an overview of the physical principles of mechanics; the chapter on mobile robots examines existing scientific and military mobile robots and the scientific and engineering research in advanced robotics; the chapter on new directions in mechanical engineering reviews the present status and future prospects for microtechnology, highlighting progress in and acceptance of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Also included in the chapter are articles on nanotechnology, focused on the role mechanical engineers are playing in this burgeoning science.
The field of nanotechnology now involves several branches of engineering as well as the physical, chemical, biological, and medical sciences. A previous section on rapid prototyping has been updated and upgraded as a separate chapter. This edition contains a large core of archival drawings and text describing and illustrating proven mechanisms and mechanical devices carried over from previous editions. This core has been reorganized to make topics of interest to readers easier to find. Some previously published pages were deleted because their content was deemed to be of little value in future designs, and some figures have been redrawn to make them easier to understand. An extensive and comprehensive index has been provided to make this core a valuable reference resource for engineers, designers, inventors, students, hobbyists, and all enthusiasts for things mechanical. The 11 chapters in this core illustrate practical design solutions that can be recycled into new products.
The first edition of this book, published in 1991, did not mention the influence of electronics and computer science on mechanical engineering and mechanical design. However, since that time a sea change has occurred in the practice of mechanical engineering; today it is difficult to find any contemporary mechanical system or appliance that does not in some way include electronic components or circuits that improve its performance, simplify its operation, or provide for additional safety features.
Those components might be as simple as solid-state rectifiers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or as complex as microprocessor-based modules that permit the product or system to operate autonomously. The chapter on basic mechanisms provides the reader with a useful introduction to much of the content of this book; it will also serve as a refresher tutorial for those who have studied mechanical principles in the past and want to get up to speed on the fundamentals again. Topics covered include the inclined plane, screw jack, levers, linkages, gears, cams, and clutches. A previous tutorial chapter on motion control systems that contained illustrations and text describing control schemes and key components has been retained, and a former chapter on industrial robots has been revised and updated with new illustrations and specifications for some of the latest industrial robots. The new chapter on mobile robots extends the book’s coverage of robotics and points out their growing economic and technical importance in scientific exploration and research as well as military missions and emergency services.
The new chapter on rapid prototyping discusses the emerging leaders in the field and reports on the trends: increasing popularity of 3-D plastic, paper, and wax models for engineering and design evaluation, and the extrapolation of existing technologies into the fabrication of functional metal and ceramic products. Replacement metal parts for older out-of-production machines are now being made rapidly and cost-effectively by eliminating the high cost and time delay involved in remaking the metal or ceramic dies or casting molds used in mass-production manufacturing. The earlier articles on MEMS have been revised by reporting on the new developments and significant gains in the complexity of those devices; some MEMS are now being produced in large commercial volumes in established markets. The choices in material alternatives to silicon are discussed, and new microphotographs show more sophisticated multilayer devices.
The impact of electronic controls and communications circuits on mechanical engineering is nowhere more evident than on the latest motor vehicles. Microprocessors and electronics abound: they now control the engines and transmissions in all kinds of motor vehicles, and they have improved vehicle performance and fuel efficiency. Vehicular safety has also been improved by electronically deployed air-bags, antilock braking (ABS), stability or skid control (ESC), traction control (TC), and tire-pressure monitoring. Communication systems summon aid for drivers involved in accidents or breakdowns, and onboard navigation systems now provide map displays of streets to guide drivers. xiii With the exception of illustrations generously contributed by corporations, and government laboratories (see Acknowledgments), all of the figures in the tutorial Chapters 1 to 4 and 18 and 19 were drawn by this author on a Dell personal computer with software included in the Microsoft Windows XP package
Also, the five illustrations on the front cover of this book were derived from selected figures in those chapters. Much of the archival core in this edition was first collected from a variety of published sources by Douglas C. Greenwood, then an editor of Product Engineering magazine; it first appeared in three volumes published by McGraw-Hill between 1959 and 1964. Nicholas Chironis edited and reorganized much of this content and supplemented it with contemporary technical articles to form the first edition of this book. In subsequent editions this core has been reorganized and new material has been added. References to manufacturers or publications that no longer exist have since been deleted because they are no longer valid sources for further information.
The terms devices and mechanisms used to describe objects in the core pages have been used interchangeably and only some of them have been changed. However, the comprehensive index accounts for these differences in designation. The names of the inventors of these mechanisms and devices have been retained so that readers can research the status of any patents once held by them. —Neil Sclater

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